Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples for Dummies

Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples for Dummies Write out questions which you're working on. For visual learners who have to find the entire word, the context, and the significance of the word, our SnapWords are quite effective. Spatial and visual learners are somewhat more likely to organize not merely their work, but in their everyday lives concerning scheduling and visual appeal. Everybody has a different learning style. Developing a portrait photo essay is a mixture of art and journalism. Visual Literacy is something which lets us look at something within this event an image like a photograph and us as the viewer can define what it means. It is going to often include words and pictures. Speculate on just what the artist would consider the view of the picture with time. Building a short film is simpler than it has ever been. Society tells everyone which they're a success based upon how much material wealth they've obtained. Children find it impossible to grasp the si mple fact a task can be reversed. Merton's major concern was that societies, like the United States of america, do not offer the ability to realize cultural objectives. 1 assumption of conventional functionalism is that all widespread pursuits or items are functional for the full system. Spelling tests need good visual sequential memory abilities. In 2nd paragraph you should expand on Mertons Theory. Bottom-Up Processing The second theory of visual processing is known as bottom-up processing, where we use our comprehension of the individual constituents of a concept to comprehend the whole. What You Need to Know About Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples Thus the latent functions help to lessen the rate of gambling. As a consequence, they are more inclined to seek out alternative routes to success. Once a person begins using illegitimate coping mechanisms, it can be quite tough to change directions and utilize legitimate strategies. Employing the instance of the American dream, in order for each person to achieve it, they should have accessibility to a lot of luxuries like education, which isn't always true. Young children don't know that other folks have various beliefs or thoughts. When many individuals think the socially-accepted method to attain their objectives are too difficult, only a little number of them go on to commit crimes. Our students and kids, but do not necessarily learn in precisely the same style as we do. Among the examples utilized by Merton is the rain dance that's harnessed by the community so as to generate rain, the results of the exact same is intended and desired by the folks that participate in the ritual. What About Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples? While structuring the essay, it's important a proper thesis is chosen. Marketing your business doesn't need to be complicated. Don't forget, the most essential thing you've got to keep to in your essay is attempting to make your readers interested. There are vari ous types of essays that I would assume most of you are already familiarized with. How to Choose Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples It provided a sociological alternate to biological and mental theories. This question may not be answered without investigating deviance. Labeling theory is likewise an effort to spell out crime from a sociological position. His strain theory begins with the overall assumption that societies provide both culturally-valued targets and culturally-valued ways. Visual closure is the capability of a person to establish the clues presented visually, such he is going to be able to recognize the look of the last object without all the details being present at precisely the same moment. They could redefine the objectives and method of collegethat it's about building a social change as opposed to learning, and thus they may get in the protest scene. Essentially, story is that in the event that you work hard, go to school, then you are able to become wha tever you would like. A kid's thought procedure is far different than an older person's. Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! The American Dream' encouraged people to pursue an aim of success that was largely measured with respect to the acquisition of wealth and material possessions. Goals have to be realistic and society should have the means for individual to fulfill their objectives. From a scientific viewpoint, but this objective is not likely to be achieved. In many instances, but these goals are unachievable. Visual Essay Mertons Theory Samples Ideas There is a shortage of conservation among children in this time of their life. The latent purpose of transportation might be the personal autonomy one has by allowing people to prevent public transportation. A good example of a kids' lack of conservation skills, is every time a kid is shown two glasses of milk with similar quantity. It is possible to adjust your study style to make the most of your time and efforts. The evolution of subcultures is explained in relation to the place of groups and individuals in the social structure. The Visual learner should find all study material.

The Importance Of Security And A Business - 1222 Words

Introduction One of the most important aspects of any business is security and a business will not be able to continue without ensuring that the proper security methods and techniques are implemented. Security gives any organization a competitive advantage over its competitors in the way that they ensure the safety and security of the staff and visitors of the organization. Curtin University as well consider to be a corporate or an organization with some minor differences but they still have students who could be considered as customers, employee and it produce a product which is education, and to ensure the sustainability of its business in education sector the university has implemented many tools to achieve its goals. Ensuring the safety of the staff and student is a primary objective of the university since without safety and security the university will not be able to function and provide its services to the students. Security in universities are harder to be obtained because it’s op en campus and anyone can come and walk into the campus without having to provide any sort of authorization or association with the university this is another reason for universities to implement the latest methods and techniques to protect it’s staff, students and buildings from the exposed threats. There are many security methods and techniques are implemented in any open organization or uncontrolled accessed organizations such as Curtin University. In any open organization aShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Security Controls And Business Strategy For Achieving Information Assurance2612 Words   |  11 Pagesapproach to security that layers controls thus increasing security for the system as a whole (United States National Security Agency, n.d.). Security controls derive from three primary categories: Administrative, Technical/Logical, and Physical/Environmental (Harris Kumar, 2013, p. 28). To help mature and improve information security as a process and business enabler, it is critical that organizations adapt their understanding and cogency of administrative controls. The information security marketRead MoreImportance Of Data Storage Network Security835 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Data Storage Network Security There would be no need for securing data storage network if you can save your information on the network without anyone altering the content. However, it is almost impossible for you to save your information in an unsecured data storage network and retrieve it just the way you saved it. In today’s world where hackers are rampant everywhere, the need to secure data storage network becomes a major concern for security experts. Over the years, our team ofRead MorePhysical And Infrastructure Security Is Essential For Protecting Organizational Interests From Both Well Known And Undocumented Threats936 Words   |  4 Pages Physical and Infrastructure Security is essential to protecting organizational interests from both well-known and undocumented threats. Acts of nature can be a detriment to daily operations as well as the actions of humans. Mitigation of such threats should be taken into consideration and recovery planning and preparation is key. A well-developed policy that is executed and enforced within the organization can assist in this objective. The active threat environment is constantly evolvingRead MoreAre Healthcare Organizations Really Hipaa Compliant?1590 Words   |  7 Pagesconfidentiality and security of healthcare information and help the healthcare industry control administrative cost. HIPAA is governed by 2 entities, the Privacy Rule and the Security Rule. These two rules dictates to outline what the Health and Human Services (HHS) requires to handle Protected Health Information (PHI) in all forms. The Office of Civil Rights (OCR) enforces HIPAA and can leverage criminal and civil penalties for violations that occur with either covered entities and their business associatesRead MoreRequirements For The Corporate Computing Function Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to ensure the topic of security is addressed in the mission statement with an explanation. Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function The Chief Information Officer (CIO) plays an intricate part in the design and implementation of an organization’s information technology infrastructure. Since the inception of the role, the spectrum of influence on business has evolved from just technical to a role that progressively concentrated more on business strategy (Rouse, 2015). TodayRead MoreSecurity Roles1588 Words   |  7 PagesSecurity Roles Name: Institution: The role security plays in protecting Papa John’s International assets The security personnel ought to be able to handle many responsibilities and fill various roles as required. Frequently this may occur while protecting the assets of an organization, in addition to the welfare and health of the employees of the organization. These responsibilities and roles vary, according to the kind of facility or the circumstances that the security officers may find themselvesRead MoreFacility Security Policy ( Edu Corp s Facilities Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesFacility Security Policy 1. Overview With multiple locations across the state of Florida, Edu Corp’s facilities require attentive, strategic methods of security. With continuous concerns regarding digital security, physical security is of an equal concern to Edu Corp. In an effort to uphold a high standard of privacy and security to both employees and customers of the company, Edu Corp continuously monitors the security and safety of all associated facilities. According to various reports, averageRead MoreThe Chief Information Officer ( Cio )1238 Words   |  5 Pagesof the role, the range of influence on business has developed from a technical role to a job that has gradually focused more on business strategy (Rouse, 2015). Currently, the primary roles of a CIO are to oversee much of the day to day technical operation, monitor cost for IT assets as well as managing the technical staff. Conversely, a development is taking place as executive teams are identifying chances that can influence IT investments in care of business transformation. As a result, this is requiresRead MoreSecurity As A Service Provider Paper984 Words   |  4 Pagesthis modern and ubiquitously connected world, an organization’s security posture can determine its fate, attacks are committed by nefarious actors worldwide every day, it is important that an organization follow security industry’s best practice and governing laws and regulations, go a step further in protecting not only its own data but also all data and information especially regarding clients. This paper will discuss the way a Security as a Service Provider – Secured Inc. which had gone above andRead MoreRequirements for the Corporate Computing Function Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesrequirements of management† (Stallings, 2009, p. 58). Stated in another way, this Chief Information Officer’s (CIO) mission statement’s component implies that company information can be utilized by management for a great deal of thi ngs. While the security of all company-owned data is immensely important to the success of the organization, some of the information carries significant value when used by management in order to allow the company to make better informed decisions to keep the company competitive

How does it appeal to a modern audience Essay Example For Students

How does it appeal to a modern audience?   Essay Show how Baz Luhrmans film opening attempts to the link the language of the original play to modern themes. How does it appeal to a modern audience? Romeo and Juliet is a famous play written by William Shakespeare. The play is a tragedy based on an allegedly true story. The play itself was written for the theatre. The story is set in Verona in Italy. The story is about two lovers who come from rich families, the Capulets and Montagues. Both of the families are sworn enemies. Their love brings tragic consequences. The play is known throughout the world. The two main themes in the play are love and conflict. The play is dominated by these themes. Themes include romantic love and passion between Romeo and Juliet and gang warfare between the Montagues and Capulets, family arguments and conflict between generation gaps. These themes are universal. These themes are common today just as they were four hundred years ago. However, there are differences between today and Shakespeares times. One example of the differences is entertainment. In Shakespeares time the only entertainment they had was live plays where as nowadays we still have live entertainment but most of our entertainment comes from television and c.d.s, which is not live. Today technology and media can bring entertainment into every home in England. Baz Luhrmann has used the skills and inventions of today to present Shakespeares play to a wide, new and modern audience. Baz Luhrmann uses modern themes combined with cinematic techniques and features to appeal to a modern audience. Themes like violence, conflict, romance and backed up by a powerful soundtrack. These are the sort of themes that attract a young and modern audience. I like watching films that have a lot of action with fast changes of scenes. Baz Luhrmann has used the theme action, this is one of the themes that the modern audience enjoy. In the rest of my essay I am going to discuss whether or not Baz Luhrmann has succeeded with his aim to attract a young audience, to a Shakespeares play. The Prologue The film opens with a shot of a small television in the centre of the blank screen. The television gets bigger and bigger gradually filling the screen. The audience immediately realises that the film is set in modern times because in Shakespeares time they were no televisions. In the small screen there is a reporter reading the prologue. The reporter does not show any emotions whilst reading the original Shakespeare prologue. In the screen behind the reporter there is a picture of a broken ring and underneath the ring it says star crossd lovers. From this picture the audience can find out that the film is about tragic love. As the television fades out the mood changes rapidly after the opening prologue. The prologue is now repeated but this time with emotion and vivid imagery accompanied by a range of cinematic features such as 200m lens, panoramic shots, rapid shots of different scenes. At the same time as the prologue is being read the camera zooms through the city blocks of Verona . This gives a sense of excitement and tension. When the camera shows the streets of Verona it is shown as a violent city but at the top of the city there are religious symbols representing peace e.g. statues of Christ and crosses on top of churches. The importance of both the Montagues and Capulets is shown with images in the opening. In a way this echoes Shakespeare use of the word civil in the prologue, representing the city and citizens of Verona. One key image that shows the power and importance of both families is the two tower blocks on either sides of a street. On top of the towers the name of the families are boldly displayed. This indicates that both families have equal power and status. I think this image also shows the split between the city, suggesting both families have control over parts of the city. These images show the power and importance that the families have. I think other important images, which show the power of the families, are of the newspaper headlines saying from ancient grudge and leads to new mutiny. With all of these images I think the powerful religious music in the background adds to the excitement and tension. The main characters are then shown with still images and captions next to the photo suggesting they have a star status. I think Lord Capulet and Lord Montague are given a bit of the godfather image. Again a criminal and violent idea is suggested. .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 , .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .postImageUrl , .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 , .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:hover , .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:visited , .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:active { border:0!important; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:active , .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8 .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0596530c79cbe52470433a0745d859a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Natural light EssayThe still images and clips introduce those in the audience unfamiliar with the story to the family characters, these help them to quickly identify them in the following scenes. Interestingly Baz Luhrmann gives them modern names e.g. Ted Montague The director has shown the personality of the Capulets and Montagues by there clothing. The Capulets are shown as smart, sophisticated and sleek in their well-cut suits. On the other hand the Montagues dress casual with their Hawaiian shirts and funky haircuts. This suggests they like to chill out and are more relaxed. The image of the Capulets supports Shakespeare view of hard Capulet being a powerful but violen t man. Tybalt the cousin of Juliet is shown as the most violent character in the film. I think he is shown more as a hero than a villain in the opening. When Tybalt first enters the scene in the garage his metal shoes are shown as he walks across the garage forecourt. The camera gradually moves up from his shoes to his face. He has a picture of a big cat on his shirt. He is known as the prince of cats. Baz Luhrmans aim of the opening is to attract the young and modern audience. Not only does he attract their attention but he also tries to retain they interest. To do this he uses a lot of fast action because todays audiences like films that have a lot of fast action. For example just after the fight between the Capulets and Montagues there are helicopters flying to the scene and fire shown everywhere. Another example of fast action is the car chase between the Capulets and Montagues. Modern audiences also enjoy watching car chases. The director uses action to get the interest of the viewers. In the opening the violence comes straight in. for example the gunfight between the Capulets and Montagues. Although this is serious Baz Luhrmann uses humour to add to the entertainment. One example of violence and humour combined is when a lady is hitting a Montague in the head with a bag during a gunfight. Baz Luhrmann overcomes the problem of the word sword in his film by writing sword on the guns and calling them swords. Baz Luhrmann has to do this because he is using Shakespeare language and in Shakespeare days they didnt have guns. Modern audience s would not like to watch a film with sword fights because swords are old and guns are a new thing. In the opening sequence other comic touches are used including the garage sign which says add more fuel to your fire as guns are drawn. The original text of the opening scene is used as the youth taunt and annoy each other, it reminded me of the The outsiders. By Susan Hinta Action and gestures accompany Shakespeares language. However, I feel that visual images are more powerful at this stage. Its only when Benvolio says, Put up thy swords and wants peace that the words become more important. When Tybalt replies Peace? I hate the word as I hate all Montages. At this point all the action on screen stops and it is still. The audience has to listen to the words it is still and the meaning of the words is crucial to the play and future action. The director uses a modern futuristic looking city to set the film. The film isnt really in Verona, Italy because Verona is a romantic old peaceful city. Baz Luhmann used a modern city throbbing with violence and crime as the main concept. One mode rn image is of the boys fighting on the garage forecourt, a place easily identified by a modern audience. The setting is important for an audience brought up on NYPD Blue. .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd , .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .postImageUrl , .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd , .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:hover , .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:visited , .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:active { border:0!important; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:active , .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d0869f6c6151898f4e50c9dadd3b4fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Assessment of Blood Brothers EssayBaz Luhrmann has used the car as an icon in the opening sequence, of scene 1. Nowadays people like to show their car as a part of themselves. Baz Luhrmann shows this by putting the name of the family, the boys belong to on the number plate. Again, this glamorous image appeals to the personality cult age and is a key ingredient of modern film culture On reflection I think that Baz Luhrmann has succeeded in making Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet for a modern audience. I believe that Baz Luhrmann has put a lot of modern themes backed up by visual images to support Shakespeare language. All the themes are related to love and conflict. These are t heme that a modern audience likes to watch. I think that Baz Luhrmann could have put the film into Modern English because a modern audience would really get into it because they would understand more. But then it would not have been Shakespeare play, so I think the film gives us the best of both worlds.

Military History of United States of America

Abstract Generally the American people have been having a love-hate relationship with war. On one hand, the military has been approaching war with intentions of acquiring military victory (Millett, 1984).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Military History of United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The military leaders have been shying away from the complicated approach of turning military triumphs into strategic successes. Instead they have opted to concentrate on conquering campaigns and battles while the policy makers have focused their attention in diplomatic struggles that influence or are influenced by the actual military fighting. On the other hand, a number of military scholars argue that Americans involvement in history’s â€Å"small wars† such as the Boxer rebellion and the contemporary intervention in Kosovo and Bosnia were well intentioned (Murray, 1996). America got involved in these small wars, not with an intention of acquiring decisive victory over her opponents but for the purposes of providing protection and inflicting punishment to the offenders. The America way of war thus seems to appear like the proverbial coin, with two sides. On one side it wages war with hatred while on the other side it does so with love for the concerned nations. Introduction In the United States military history, modeling is defined as functional, descriptive or physical representations of systems (Millett, 1984). The representations may occur in the forms of logical algorithms, mathematical equations, three dimensional digital images or even as partial physical mock-up of the entire system. In addition, the models also refer to the decision making process and the automated data processing which occur within the battle field computers and inside the human brain. Among the systems, military weapons systems usually include air, land and sea vehicles, hand-held weapons, communication equipment and the individual soldiers. The models also cover areas of environment representation such as the vegetation, terrain, the atmosphere, ocean and the cultural features. All these different combinations that compose the model are useful for the purposes of accurately representing potential military situations (Murray, 1996).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The military officers have categorized the use of the models into three large application groups. The first group is for use in development, research and acquisition. In this kind of applications, models provide an insight into the performance and cost of military processes, equipment or missions that have been put in place for future use (Murray, 1996). This group of model uses scientific inquiry to come up with new facts or for revising the existing ones. Once approved the discoveries are the n transformed into physical representation. The second category is based on exploring advanced requirements and concepts. This category of model presents military situations and models in a way that gives the military an opportunity to conduct trade studies and concept explorations into alternatives (Millett, 1984). The trade studies in many occasions explore multiple variations on new weapons and tactics; they also try to examine the effectiveness of each of them. This model may be used for the purposes of understanding physical equipments or weapons, but could also be used to explore the various processes for organizing and carrying out a mission. It calls for a sober understanding of the processes and interactions that exist between the various steps in the processes. The model is also helpful to the military in creating operations doctrines, selection of acquisition materials and in internal organization construction (Murray, 1996). The third model is made up of education, train ing and military operations. Using this model the military staff is stimulated with specific military scenario. The main goal is to determine the extent to which the military staff has learned execution of the doctrines they have been taught. It also provides them with an opportunity of experimenting with new ideas and determining how such ideas could be useful in a real warfare situation. All this is done within controlled and secure environments which are free from life threatening situations that are a characteristic of a real combat operation. The American military modeling has been in existent for many years and is evident today in the comparison of the realistic three-dimensional military education and training systems (Murray, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Military History of United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The American army, for instance provides its staff with an environment for experimentation and training, a tool for enhancing Army recruitment education on military lifestyle and as a game for use for anyone in need of excitement in their leisure time. The three models can be represented in very many ways but the commonly used approaches in presenting military missions and systems include engineering, constructive, virtual, and live and environment. The American military created policies and goals in order to achieve an enduring army that is enabled by sustainable operations, systems, installations and communities. The set goals help in ensuring that all the military operations are self sustainable. They also act as a link between the military objectives and the required actions for the success of all the laid operations. However, the American military policies and goals have been in a state turmoil for the past fifteen years. The goals have greatly changed and as a result stability has being given the highest priority among the militar y policies. The military has undergone great evolution with intentions of creating stability in its forces, expenditure and in its concepts. These changes contrast greatly with the previous military policy which has been constant conflict and change (Murray, 1996). The American military policy has been evolving through a war to peace to war cycle. Previously America has been responding to war after sensing danger. The country has been using its military officer in times of war, only after ensuring that there is a serious danger to its citizens. This kind of war preparation has caused the country to lose all the fruits associated with war victory (Murray, 1996). However the nation has learnt that it would be hard to anticipate the course of war if the changing relationships among the international actors were the only factors to be considered in influencing changes for the future. The military forces have therefore started to realize that they are living in a transitional era which u ses machine and information. This has therefore altered war preparedness within the military and has completely changed its way of fighting. The current military preparations are geared towards decreasing domestic civil disturbances. The soldiers are trained using very flexible systems so as to learn without a lot of struggle and at the same time they are also taught the military doctrines which advocate for respect to human life. America has learnt from its previous war experiences, which have shown that the modern technologies have greatly changed the dynamics of war. The country has therefore started altering its fighting ways so as to stay ahead of the potential enemies. The military has started to use current technological weapons and techniques in training its soldiers.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The changes in the U.S military policies and goals have also been influenced by the current technological changes. Simulation technology, for instance, has now become a main strategic capability for the U.S military. The commercial simulations have created a dramatic effect on military’s training and education programs. In addition the military has also in cooperated simulations and war gaming within the curriculum of each war college and into every commander-in-chief head quarter’s operations. On the other hand the commercial entertainment and the World Wide Web technology provide relevant innovative techniques for enabling staff and students to work as a team in very complex virtual environments (Murray, 1996). This has enabled the current generation of soldiers to become accustomed with the internet in order to take advantage of the powerful multimedia capabilities and graphics. Conclusion American military has remarkably been consistent in how it has been choosing to go for war. Through the various models the American military has effectively managed to inherit the ability to translate industrial capacity, technological innovations and national wealth into very effective battlefield advantages (Millett, 1984). However in this current era of limited wars, the military has also shifted towards utilizing limited means too. The lives of its soldiers have become the most precious resources thus it is increasingly seeking to develop war methods that will replace manpower expenditure with the expenditure of firepower. The American military is also changing its war preparation approach. It has moved from the traditional â€Å"wait and see† approach toward a modern technological approach (Murray, 1996). The military training are now accompanied by current technological weapons and games in order to ensure the country is well secured. References Millett, A.R. Maslowski, P.R (1984). For the common defense: a military history of the  United Sta tes of America. New York, NY: Free press foundation. Murray, H.Y.,Williamson, B.M. Allan, R. M.(1996) Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Millitary operations, 18(5), 145-152. This research paper on Military History of United States of America was written and submitted by user Kaden Mcconnell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Build a Sherlock Holmes Mind Palace

How to Build a Sherlock Holmes Mind Palace Admit it. You wish you had a mind like Sherlock Holmes. Recalling the smallest details at the most significant moment, packing a lot of information in your head, remembering places and important events – thats what you want? Well, its absolutely possible. Seriously. You can learn how to control your memory with a help of a powerful technique that is called Mind Palace. It is not only extremely effective but also very fun and not hard to use at all. This technique is amazingly useful in all kinds of situations: memorizing a presentation, learning a new language, studying for exams and many others. Learn how to build your own memory palace and youll become a more confident and successful student. Choose Your Mind Palace First of all, you have to select a place you know very well. This method will be effective only if you can mentally see this place with ease. Think about something you can visualize in detail. You also need to imagine a specific route in your palace. This will help you to recall things in a particular order, which will make the technique much more powerful. A good choice of a Mind Palace could be your own home, a former school, your campus, familiar streets in your city. Just make sure you can imagine this object well. Define Distinctive Features Now you have to pay special attention to the features in your palace. For instance, if you have chosen your home, the first distinctive thing may be the front door. Then you have to mentally walk around the house and remember the things you see. Analyze each room looking from right to left, for example. What attracts your attention? Do you see something unusual? It can be a picture on the wall or a flower in a vase. Continue to explore the house and make notes in your head. Each feature will be used later to store a particular piece of information. Engrave the Palace in Your Mind To make the method work, you have to imprint the palace on your memory. The task wont be a difficult one if you are a visual type of person. Here are some tips that will help you to remember everything better: Walk through the route physically and repeat the distinctive things you see. Write down the features on a piece of paper and walk through them mentally. Look at the things from the same perspective. When you think youve finished, repeat everything one more time. Now you have your Mind Palace! You can use it as many times as you need to memorize the things you want. Mind Palace technique is great, however, you should know that there are much more techniques on how to develop photographic memory. Use Associations Symbols make the memories more manageable and they are really effective for remembering the things. The process of making associations is very simple: you take an image and combine it with a thing you need to memorize. To do that, you have to mentally transport yourself to your Mind Palace. The first feature you see is a front door. Therefore, if you are trying to remember a ship, imagine an anchor on your door. Then continue to associate the things until there are no items left to memorize. Visit Your Palace At this stage, you are done with memorizing the items. Now you need to do a rehearsal, repeating your journey at least one time in your mind. Go from the beginning to the end and try to recollect all the details. When you get the end of your route, turn around and go in the opposite direction until you return to the starting point. And remember, the more relaxed you are, the easier it will be to remember everything. With just a lit bit of practice, the things you memorize by using your Mind Palace will stay fresh in your mind for a long time. cover image credit: Robert Vigalskiy/Hartswood Films and BBC Wales for BBC One image credit: thenerdybomb.com

Profile of Richard Wade Farley, Mass Murderer

Profile of Richard Wade Farley, Mass Murderer Richard Wade Farley is a mass murderer responsible for the 1988 murders of seven co-workers at the Electromagnetic Systems Labs (ESL) in Sunnyvale, California. What sparked the murders was his relentless stalking of a co-worker. Richard Farley - Background Richard Wade Farley was born on July 25, 1948, at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas. His father was an aircraft mechanic in the Air Force, and his mother was a homemaker. They had six children, of whom Richard was the eldest. The family frequently moved before settling in Petaluma, California, when Farley was eight years old. According to Farleys mother, there was much love in the house, but the family displayed little outward affection. During his childhood and teen years, Farley was a quiet, well-behaved boy who required little attention from his parents. In high school, he showed an interest in math and chemistry and took his studies seriously. He did not smoke, drink, or use drugs, and entertained himself with playing table tennis and chess, dabbling in photography, and baking. He graduated 61st out of 520 high school students. According to friends and neighbors, other than occasionally roughhousing with his brothers, he was a non-violent, well-mannered and helpful young man. Farley graduated from high school in 1966 and attended Santa Rosa Community College, but dropped out after one year and joined the US Navy where he stayed for ten years. Navy Career Farley graduated first in his class of six at Naval Submarine School but withdrew voluntarily. After finishing basic training, he was trained to be a cryptologic technician - a person who maintains electronic equipment. The information that he was exposed to was highly classified. He qualified for top-secret security clearance. The investigation into qualifying individuals for this level of security clearance was repeated every five years. Electromagnetic Systems Laboratory After his discharge in 1977, Farley purchased a home in San Jose and began working as a software technician at Electromagnetic Systems Laboratory (ESL), a defense contractor in Sunnyvale, California. ESL was involved in the development of strategic signal processing systems and was a major supplier of tactical reconnaissance systems to the US military. Much of the work that Farley was involved in at ESL was described as being vital to the national defense and highly sensitive. In included his work on equipment that enabled the military to determine the location and strength of enemy forces. Up until 1984, Farley received four ESL performance evaluations for this work. He scores were high - 99 percent, 96 percent, 96.5 percent, and 98 percent. Relationship With Fellow Employees Farley was friends with a few of his co-workers, but some found him to be arrogant, egotistical and boring. He liked to brag about his gun collection and his good marksmanship. But others who worked closely with Farley found him to be conscientious about his work and generally a nice guy. However, all of that changed, starting in 1984. Laura Black In the spring of 1984, Farley was introduced to ESL employee Laura Black. She was 22 years old and had been working as an electrical engineer for just under a year. For Farley, it was love at first sight. For Black, it was beginning of a four-year-long nightmare. For the next four years, Farleys attraction to Laura Black turned into a relentless obsession. At first Black would politely decline his invitations, but when he seemed unable to comprehend or accept her saying no to him, she stopped communicating with him as best she could. Farley began writing letters to her, averaging two a week. He left pastries on her desk. He stalked her and cruised by her home repeatedly. He joined an aerobics class on the same day that she joined. His calls became so annoying that Laura changed to an unlisted number. Because of his stalking, Laura moved three times between July 1985 and February 1988, but Farley found her new address each time and obtained a key to one of her homes after stealing it off of her desk at work. Between the fall of 1984 and February 1988, she received approximately 150 to 200 letters from him, including two letters he sent to her parents home in Virginia where she was visiting in December 1984. She had not provided him with her parents address. Some of Blacks coworkers tried to talk to Farley about his harassment of Black, but he reacted either defiantly or by threatening to commit violent acts. In October 1985, Black turned to the human resources department for help. During the first meeting with human resources, Farley agreed to stop sending letters and gifts to Black, following her home and using her work computer, but in December 1985, he was back to his old habits. Human Resources stepped in again in December 1985 and again in January 1986, each time issuing Farley a written warning. Nothing Else to Live For After the January 1986 meeting, Farley confronted Black at the parking lot outside of her apartment. During the conversation, Black said Farley mentioned guns, told her he no longer was going to ask her what to do, but rather tell her what to do. Over that weekend she received a letter from him, stating he would not kill her, but that he had a whole range of options, each getting worse and worse. He warned her that, I do own guns and Im good with them, and asked her not to push him. He continued on that if neither of them yielded, pretty soon I crack under the pressure and run amok destroying everything in my path until the police catch me and kill me. In mid-February 1986, Farley confronted one of the human resource managers and told her that ESL had no right to control his relationships with other individuals. The manager warned Farley that sexual harassment was illegal and that if he did not leave Black alone, his conduct would lead to his termination. Farley told her that if he were terminated from ESL, he would have nothing else to live for, that he had guns and was not afraid to use them, and that he would take people with him. The manager asked him directly if he was saying that he would kill her, to which Farley answered yes, but he would take others, too. Farley continued to stalk Black, and in May 1986, after nine years with ESL, he was fired. Growing Anger and Aggression Being fired seemed to fuel Farleys obsession. For the next 18 months, he continued to stalk Black, and his communications with her became more aggressive and threatening. He also spent time lurking around the ESL parking lot. In the summer of 1986, Farley began dating a woman named Mei Chang, but he continued to harass Black. He was also having financial problems. He lost his home, his car, and his computer and he owed over $20,000 in back taxes. None of this deterred his harassment of Black, and in July 1987, he wrote to her, warning her not to get a restraining order. He wrote, It might not really occur to you how far Im willing to go to upset you if I decide thats what Im forced to do. Letters along this same line continued over the next several months. In November 1987 Farley wrote, You cost me a job, forty thousand dollars in equity taxes I cant pay, and a foreclosure. Yet I still like you. Why do you want to find out how far Ill go? He ended the letter with, I absolutely will not be pushed around, and Im beginning to get tired of being nice. In another letter, he told her that he did not want to kill her because he wanted her to have to live to regret the consequences of not responding to his romantic gestures. In January, Laura found a note from him on her car, with a copy of her apartment key attached. Frightened and fully aware of her vulnerability she decided to seek the help of an attorney. On February 8, 1988, she was granted a temporary restraining order against Richard Farley, which included that he stay 300 yards away from her and not contact her in any way. Revenge The day after Farley received the restraining order he began to plan his revenge. He bought over $2,000 in guns and ammunition. He contacted his lawyer to have Laura removed from his will. He also sent a package to Lauras attorney claiming that he had proof that he and Laura had a secret relationship. The court date for the restraining order was February 17, 1988. On February 16, Farley drove to ESL in a rented motor home. He was dressed in military fatigues with a loaded bandoleer  slung over his shoulders, black leather gloves, and a scarf around his head and earplugs. Before leaving the motor home, he armed himself with a 12-gauge Benelli Riot semi-automatic shotgun, a Ruger M-77 .22-250 rifle with a scope, a Mossberg 12-gauge pump action shotgun, a Sentinel .22 WMR revolver, a Smith Wesson .357 Magnum revolver, a Browning .380 ACP pistol and a Smith Wesson 9mm pistol. He also tucked a knife in his belt, grabbed a smoke bomb and a gasoline container, and then headed to the entrance of ESL. As Farley made his way across the ESL parking lot, he shot and killed his first victim Larry Kane and continued shooting at others who ducked for cover. He entered the building by blasting through the security glass and kept on shooting at the workers and the equipment. He made his way to Laura Blacks office. She attempted to protect herself by locking the door to her office, but he shot through it. He then shot directly at Black. One bullet missed and the other shattered her shoulder, and she fell unconscious. He left her and moved on through the building, going room to room, shooting at those he found hidden under desks or barricaded behind office doors. When the SWAT team arrived, Farley managed to avoid their snipers by staying on the move inside the building. A hostage negotiator was able to make contact with Farley, and the two talked on and off during a five-hour siege. Farley told the negotiator that he had gone to ESL to shoot up equipment and that there were specific people he had in mind. This later contradicted Farleys lawyer who used the defense that Farley had gone there to kill himself in front of Laura Black, not shoot at people. During his conversations with the negotiator, Farley never expressed any remorse for the seven individuals killed and admitted that he did not know any of the victims except for Laura Black. Hunger is what finally ended the mayhem. Farley was hungry and asked for a sandwich. He surrendered in exchange for the sandwich. Seven people were dead and four injured, including Laura Black. Victims Killed: Lawrence J. Kane, 46Wayne Buddy Williams Jr., 23Donald G. Doney, 36Joseph Lawrence Silva, 43Glenda Moritz, 27Ronald Steven Reed, 26Helen Lamparter, 49 Wounded were Laura Black, Gregory Scott, Richard Townsley, and Patty Marcott. Death Penalty Farley was charged with seven counts of capital murder, assault with a deadly weapon, second-degree burglary, and vandalism. During the trial, it became evident that Farley was still in denial about his non-relationship with Black. He also seemed to lack an understanding of the depth of his crime. He told another prisoner, I think they should be lenient since its my first offense. He added that if he did it again, then they should throw the book at him. A jury found him guilty of all charges, and on January 17, 1992, Farley was sentenced to death. On July 2, 2009, the California Supreme Court denied his death penalty appeal. As of 2013, Farley is on death row in San Quentin Prison.

Steps To Starting Career After High School Essay

Steps To Starting Career After High School - Essay Example It is not always late to consider a change in career at such points despite the related costs. Career just as stated earlier should be enjoyable and one must therefore ensure that a success offers such factors of satisfaction without which they should change careers at whichever level. After the successful completion of the training programs, people enter into the market commonly referred to as the job market. This is the ultimate testing grounds for the relative successes that people obtain in colleges and universities. People enter the market differently depending on their abilities coupled with their interests. To most people, a level job is always the best way into the market. This refers to a situation in which one is employed by a corporate organization. Such organizations are profit oriented and therefore trade I labor, they pay for the services that one offers them. As an employee, a person works under binding codes and completes the assignments as designed by the mangers. Di fferent people view employment different, to others it could be the ultimate career while to others it could be the starting point to a career. Whichever the case, people must derive satisfaction in the jobs they do. After collages, people often serve in minor positions at the company since they still lack the experience of undertaking serious assignments without the assistance and the supervision of an established employee of the firm. It is therefore natural to hold different positions at the organization. Whichever the position in the organization, one must ensure satisfaction and interest in the job. This way, the career does not become cumbersome. With time, people earn... This essay shows that there are different types of career opportunities. However, they require effective consideration a feature that dictates that people undertake the different study programs in schools and colleges. Once in the job market, people are likely to face numerous challenges such as competition and career frustrations. Some of such frustrations arise from the lack of immediate employment after completing an academic program. It is, therefore, a prerequisite to developing appropriate personalities to ensure that one develop the versatile personality. Knowledge is expandable and people can acquire different levels of understanding of anything. Experience in an industry is an asset since should the organization fail to recognize it, one reserves the willingness to change companies by applying to other job openings in other companies. People should thereby gain satisfaction from their careers and the positions they serve in the companies. In the absence of such, it is often advisable to either shift careers or changes the employer. However, experience alone does not warrant an improvement, especially in employment. A successful career grows; an individual must, therefore, undertake every activity to ensure the growth of the career. This paper makes a conclusion that to develop an exciting and satisfying career, one should acquire as much knowledge of the industry and related fields in order to have an elaborate understanding of the operations of the industry. This way, a career becomes less stressful.

Criticism and Commentary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criticism and Commentary - Assignment Example And of course certain production values and cinematic allusions were also recognized. Dark Shadows was also compared to other Burton movies. The review totally reflects most of the readers opinions but of course the author subtly manages to write the article in a way that the readers are less concerned. Generally the criticism is believable because it uses the movie and other Tim Burton movies as a reference to her points and other observations. What makes the author successful in making the viewer want to watch the movie (instead of the usual praises in a movie) is the author understands Tim Burton’s aesthetic and why the Tim Burton formula continues to work even after a lot of movies. She also knows what the viewers want. The critique is also very mild. It’s as if the critic is practicing the mantra â€Å"if you don’t have anything to say, shut up.† But the words, â€Å"Dark Shadows† isn’t among Mr. Burton’s most richly realized works, but it’s very enjoyable, visually sumptuous and, despite its lugubrious source material and a sporadic tremor of violence, surprisingly effervescent, truly capture the essence of the

Listening To Music And Composing Essay Example for Free

Listening To Music And Composing Essay Listening to music and composing my own digital music is my favorite extra-curricular activity. Music makes me feel refreshed and even after a hectic day at work, five minutes of good music helps me relax my nerves instantly. The routine lifestyle rarely leaves much time for my extra-curricular activity. However, I always make sure to maintain a rich music library on my laptop as well as handheld devices so that I can listen to it whenever I feel. Moreover, I am also into composing music. I am a vocalist, I play the piano and I have a digital mixing console also. My room is a mini studio where I can record my own music. Composing new music or mixing up tracks requires utmost creativity and imagination. In a month, I make sure to publish three mixes after recording and digital reworking. When music is your extracurricular activity, the best part about it is that you can enjoy it indoors. Whatever the weather and climate outside, you can always be comfortable and enjoy it in your room. If you have a dolby surround system in your home, it would serve as the best way to listen to music. Playing a musical instrument is a bliss in itself. Whenever I play the piano, I feel connected to the nature and its energies. That is when your creativity blossoms and you can use your imagination to the fullest in composing new tunes. The best way to enjoy music is to relax on a couch or the bed with the earphones plugged in your ears and listening to it with closed eyes. You can then feel each instrument as it plays. Some people prefer loud music, but it isn’t always enjoyable. Dance music is ok when it comes to parties but it cannot be enjoyed always and when one is seeking relaxation.

Philosophy of Education Essay example -- Philosophy on Teaching Statem

Philosophy of Education As I begin my education for becoming a teacher, I am beginning to make decisions on things such as how I would like my teaching style to be, ways to deal with discipline problems, and how I would like my classroom to be set up. However, I cannot put my ideas into one philosophy. I feel that using many styles of teaching is better than just using one. Some students may learn better with one style of teaching while others may learn better with another. The teaching philosophies I can best relate to are realism, pragmatism, and idealism. The main reason I would like to become a teacher is the love for little kids. I really enjoy being around children. After teaching Sunday School to children up to 8 years of age for over five years, I feel that I can relate to them and connect with them very well. I also feel that students look up to teachers, so they are a very big influence on the children's’ lives. I would love to know that I could make such a big influence on a child’s life. In my opinion teachers have an impact on the life of every student they ever have in class. The appearance of the classroom has a big effect on how smoothly the class will go. The seating arrangement in my classroom will be in a U shape. It will be better with classroom discussion to have the students facing each other. This type of seating arrangement should relax the children and make them feel more comfortable. On the bulletin boards there will be pictures of the students while involved in class activities and students work as a reward for doing well on an assignment. Also on the walls there will be posters to inspire the students. My class ... ...er the teacher will have more time for each student, therefore, the students will get more out of the class than if the class was bigger. I think that smaller schools and smaller class sizes are much better than consolidating the schools into one large school. Teachers should try to make the class as interesting as possible. If the students are interested in learning they will try harder and learn better. Teachers should be a positive influence on their student’s lives. They should not only teach them the basic subjects, but also try to make them become better people by being involved with them. Some parents don’t care how their children act and don’t try to help them overcome problems such as shyness; therefore it is left up to the teacher to help these students. This is where the teacher should become a friend and role model for the students.

Tracer 480 Sc

Insecticide Tracer 480 SC MENU: What is it ? Tracer 480 EC is a suspension concentrate, with a short residual action acting as a contact and stomach insecticide, with trans – laminar properties for the control of insects on agricultural crops as listed. Tracer 480 SC EC’s active ingredient is Spinosad (Naturalyte) with a 480 g/l. active ingredient and, placed in the 5A chemicals group for agricultural use in S. A. Manufactured by Dow AgroScience S. A. (PTY) LTD. with registration No. L 6557 under act 36 /1947. . What does it do? Tracer 480 SC is a very specific type of chemical made from a fermentation process from wild mushrooms.The short residual of the product and the minimal effect on natural predators including predatory mites makes it well suited for use in IPM control programs. Tracer 480 SC sprays are rainfast within 1 hour after application. Apply Tracer 480 SC sprays, with equipment that is correctly calibrated and in good working order that provides full cove rage of the crop, for obtaining the best results against the pest trated for. Tracer 480 EC has a rapid knock down action on larva by contact, but contact and stomach action still provides the best results.Tracer 480 SC has some effect on certain predators & parasites in citrus, and Honeybees. (Read the label) List of Crops and pests on wich Tracer 480 SC is registered. Crops Apples Citrus Pests Thrips ( Various species ) Including Western Flower Thrip F. occidentalis Thrips,. ( S. aurantii ), (See Comments for IPM program ) Green Beans & Peas Potatoes Table Grapes Tomatoes Leafminer ( L. huidobrencis) Tubermoth larva ( P. operculella ) . Thrips Spp including Western Flower Thrip (F. occidentalis ) American leafminer ( L. trifolii ) A. Boll worm ( H. armigera )Obey the waiting periods on various crops, and follow the recommendation for resistance management as specified on the label. How and When to Apply: Tracer 480 SC. must be sprayed according to dosages and threshold values as s pecified on the label for the various crops. Read warnings on label for resistance strategy. Tracer 480 SC is not pH sensitive. . (Refer the label for the specific crops) Compatibility: Tracer 480 SC is compatible with B P Agripron Super, Light or medium narrow range sprays oils and Sanawett 90 –940 SL. Mixing instructions for tank mixes: Use clean water and fill spray tank up to one third and start agitation.Add different formulation types in the order indicated below, allowing time for complete mixing and dispersion after addition of each product. Allow extra mixing and dispersion after addition of each product. Allow extra mixing and dispersion time for dispersible granular (WG) products. Add following types in the following order: u Water dispersible granules. (After pre mixing with water. ) u Wettable powders. ( After pre mixing with water) u Tracer and other aqueous suspensions. ( Maintain agitation and fill spray tank to three quarters of total spray volume. Then add : u Emulsifiable concentrates. Spray adjuvants. ( Where Tracer 480 SC is needed to be applied in combination with a spray oil . first pre – mix the required volume of tracer 480 SC and spray oil, before adding to the spray water). u Foliar fertilizers. Application: All Tracer 480 SC spray applications must be made with suitable equipment that is in a good working order with good agitation, and correctly calibrated, to give the desired coverage for that particular method of application. Study and follow the recommendations on the label for spray volumes / Ha for row crops, fruit tree crops, deciduous fruit trees and table grapes. Read the label. ) Product Label: Download Now A specimen Product Label is available for download. Amongst other information, the Tracer 480 SC label outlines the current registered uses as well as rates, directions for use, general instructions, safety instructions and warnings. If you have any problems downloading the product label, please contact (01 2) 842 0200 during business hours and a copy will be faxed or mailed to you. Material Safety Data Sheet: Download Now A MSDS is available for immediate download.The MSDS identifies the chemical and physical properties of the product, outlines the health hazard data, precautions for use, safe handling and other information pertaining Tracer 480 SC insecticide. If you have any problems downloading the Material Safety Data Sheet, please contact (012) 842 0200 during business hours and a copy will be faxed or mailed to you. Where to get it: Tracer 480 SC is available from your local Agricultural Chemical Dealer. If you have any problems finding Tracer 480 SC please call (012) 842 0200 and they will bring you in touch with an Agricultural Chemical Dealer near you.

Analyzing SQ3R Process

Associate Level Material Appendix H SQ3R Worksheet Selected reading: p 193 Chapter 7 SurveyDescribe the value of surveying the reading. Surveying the reading is almost like skimming the assignment. In my opinion, it is like the appetizer of the assignment, almost the teaser to the full reading that will be done in the near future. QuestionWhat questions did you ask as you were reading? †¢What are the important points? †¢What are the new vocabulary words? †¢What is the topic and how does the reading pertain to it?ReadHow did surveying and questioning help you read better? I like surveying an assignment before I start really reading it thoroughly. Surveying allows me, in a sense, to whet my appetite for the reading assignment. Plus, surveying and asking questions gives me a chance to highlight key words and passages. ReciteHow did you decide what parts of your reading you needed to recite? For me, I personally recite the words that are highlighted and the words that are in bold type.These are word that I do not know or in some cases, words I need to learn. In my process of studying, these words are the ones I write out and then type to learn them better. ReviewHow often do you plan to review? My process for reviewing occurs pretty frequently. When I was learning medical terms, I had a cd I would listen to in my car while I drove. I also review every evening with vocabulary by using index cards. I find these methods to work the best for me personally.Wrap-up questions: How successful was the SQ3R process in helping you grasp the concepts in the section you selected? Will you use SQ3R in the future as a way to master the content in academic readings? I think the SQ3R method is an excellent way for me to learn. I think it is very similar to the way I already do my studying so I would have no trouble incorporating it into my studies. Not everyone uses these methods, but I definitely find them to be simple for me.

Gender and Sexulaity Essays

Gender and Sexulaity Essays Gender and Sexulaity Paper Gender and Sexulaity Paper Jackie Pappas Professor Winchock ENWR 106-AN March 5, 2013 Paper #2 – Middle Draft Gender Sexuality Our everyday lives are greatly affected by ones gender and sexuality. They shape who we are and define our identities. Society expects a certain gender to behave in a specific way and if this does not happen, one is seen as shameful and wrong, leaving the individual to feel defeated and out of place. In society only a few decades ago, women were meant to be silent and restricted. Men were the superior ones who had a voice. They freely got to do whatever they pleased. In Julia Avarez’ â€Å"Daughter of Invention and Judith Ortiz Cofer’s poem â€Å"The Changeling,† women were restricted of their true identities and their voices were silenced by the Ppallogocentric order. As a female in society, one was not permitted to speak freely of her opinions because of men. She must remain silent. It is evident that the narrator, often referred to as Cukita, in â€Å"Daughter of Invention† cannot speak what she wants. She reads poems from a book her father bought her written by Walt Whitman. She reads his free words; words he can openly speak. These are words of â€Å"a flesh and blood man† (Alvarez 14). : Because Walt Whitman was a man, he could speak and write what he so choose. However, when Cukita â€Å"plagiarizes† his words, because she was a woman, she was not â€Å"permitted† to read her work at the assembly for which she was writing. When she read her speech to her mother, her mother beamed with pride. It was quite the opposite when she read this speech to her father. He was shocked that his wife would let their daughter read the speech she wrote. â€Å"You will permit her to read that? † (Alvarez 15) Cukita’s father said as if she needed permission to speak what she believes. As your father, I forbid you to say that eh-speech! † (Alvarez 15). Since he was a man, he had the final say in what his daughter said. He could say whatever he liked but his daughter, because she was a woman, could not. Women were expected to be silent and could only speak in the male voice. We see the silence of a girl in Cofer’s â€Å"The Changeling. † I n this poem, the speaker recalls a memory of when she was a young girl. She dressed in her brother’s military clothes which â€Å"[molded her] into boy shape† (Cofer 725). Her father found it very amusing. He would listen with a smile† (Cofer 725). She loved dressing up as a boy and pleasing her father because it was the only time he noticed her. The speaker pretended to tell stories of her times in the war as a man and this was the time that her father would pay attention to her. The only time he would listen to her words was when she was speaking in his voice in a man’s voice. All other times, her words were not important to her father; they did not matter to him because she was not his son, she was his daughter. Females were restricted in what they could say and do. Women were not allowed to do as they pleased. They were limited not only in what they said but what they could do. In â€Å"Daughter of Invention,† Cukita’s mother liked to work on her inventions. â€Å"She always invented at night, after settling her house down† (Alvarez 10). The mother could only work on her projects after she had completed her obligations as a woman. It was a woman’s responsibility to take care of the house and keep her husband and family happy; putting her wants and wishes aside until these are taken care of first. Even her inventions were restricted. She would not invent things that would help the world as a whole but come up with ideas that would only help with your everyday life, particularly for the typical American woman. When discussing her inventions and why they did not help the greater good, â€Å"she would have said that was for men to do† (Alvarez 10). This shows that she was not allowed to create what she really wanted to invent. American women were not the only women who were restricted. It was common for women to be restricted all over the world. The narrator, Cukita, talked about the fact that her mother did not want to return home. She did not want to go back to the old country where she was only a wife and a mother† (Alvarez 14). In the Dominican Republic under Trujillo’s rule, women were only expected to be two things: a wife and a mother. They were restricted to being anything but. They did not have permission to explore their interests such as inventing. Women were expected to take care of t he house and the family and if they did anything else, saying they’d be in trouble is an understatement. Women were not allowed to be free to be who they are. Women were expected to only take care of the family and the house even if they wanted to do something else. It is still joked about today all over the Internet that women belong in the kitchen. While it is meant as a harmless joke, it is a reality for others. For example, it was a reality for the speaker in â€Å"The Changeling. † While her father was very amused with his daughter dressing as a man, her mother was not. When it was time for the family to sit down for dinner, the mother â€Å"[forbad her] from sitting down with them as a man† (Cofer 725). The mother felt that when her daughter dressed in her brother’s clothes, it was distracting her from being a girl. She is forced to go back into the closet to change back into her expected outfit. The speaker, who once saw a closet full of adventure, then saw the same closet as a dark space (Cofer 725). When she emerged from the closet, back into reality, she walked back into â€Å"the real world of her [mother’s] kitchen† (Cofer 725). For the speaker, a woman belonging in the kitchen was no laughing matter; it was her reality. She longed to be able to do the things a man did but she could not because she was a restricted woman. She wished to have the same power that a man did. After explaining about how powerless a woman was, it is clear that men were the superior ones. In â€Å"Daughter of Invention† after the father disapproved of his daughter’s speech, the mother and daughter felt the need to â€Å"rebel† and â€Å"join forces† (Alvarez 16) against the father. They knew that he was the man in charge. They could not simply tell him what he was doing was wrong and they certainly could not do it alone. It took two women to stand up to one man and they still lost, the father tearing his daughter’s speech to shreds, tearing her to shreds in turn. As the father, he had the final say on what happened. After calling her father the hated nickname of their former dictator Trujillo, the narrator ran to her room. Her father â€Å"ordered [her] on his authority as [her] father to open that door† (Alvarez 16). Because he was a man, he held the power in the house. He got free reign to tell his daughters and wife what to do and they must obey. In Dominican Republic, men were so superior that giving birth to a daughter was not as great as giving birth to a son. A mother was seen as a failure if she did not give birth to a son. When Cukita and her mother went into the father’s room, â€Å"his face rightened as if at long last his wife had delivered a son† (Alvarez 15). Fathers were happier when their wives bore them a son. There were fathers who did not pay attention to their children if they were not a boy. In â€Å"The Changeling,† the speaker must â€Å"[vie] for [her] father’s attention† (Cofer 725). Because she was not a man, the only way she co uld get her father to notice her was to dress, speak, and act like the son he always wanted her to be. After he mother made her change back into the girl she was supposed to be, she â€Å"return[ed] invisible† (Cofer 725). Since she was no longer dressed as the superior man her father so wanted her to be, he did not pay any mind to her and she felt as if she was no one; as if she was invisible. It is because of her gender that she did not fit into society. Gender plays a major role in our everyday lives. Men and women were expected to act in a specific manner or otherwise they end up defeated. Women were meant to keep their thoughts and opinions silent. They were also not allowed to act as freely as they would like. Women were restricted in what they said and did. Because women were so repressed, it was evident that men were the superior ones. In modern society, women have earned the right to be treated as equally and as fairly as men. However, there are still some areas in society where women are more oppressed than men are. Alvarez, Julia. â€Å"Daughter of Invention. † Approaching Literature. Eds. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. 10-19. Cofer, Judith Ortiz. â€Å"The Changeling. † Approaching Literature. Eds. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. 725.

What to Do If You Have a Family Emergency in College

What to Do If You Have a Family Emergency in College Even though college students are often mocked for not living in the real world, many students do, in fact, deal with major life situations and events. Unexpected family illnesses, financial situations, deaths, and other events can happen during your time in college. Unfortunately, your academics might end up paying the price simply because you cant manage everything all at the same time. (And when faced with a major family emergency, its unrealistic to expect yourself to manage everything anyway.) If you find yourself faced with a family emergency in college, take a deep breath and spend 20-30 minutes doing the following. While it might seem like you dont have the time now, this small allotment of effort can do wonders for keeping your academics and college situation in check. Notify Your Professors and ​​Academic Adviser You dont have to go into too much detail, but you do need to let your professors know whats going on. Be as honest as you can without being dramatic. Let them know: What has happenedWhat it means for things like your class attendance, assignments, etc.What your next steps are, whether its an emergency trip home for the weekend or a longer absenceHow they can contact youWhen and how youll be contacting them next Ideally, everyone will then be aware of your situation and wont penalize you for having to miss class, be late on an assignment, etc. Additionally, your adviser should reach out in response and offer you some resources that can help with your situation. Tell the People You Live With Whats Going On Again, you dont need to share more than you need to. But your roommates might wonder whats going on if you leave without telling them for a few days; similarly, your RA might start to be concerned if he or she sees you missing class and/or coming and going at odd hours. Even if you just leave a note or send an email, its better to let people know that, for example, youre heading home to visit a sick relative than to cause undue worry or concern over your unexplained absence. Spend a Minute Thinking About Your Financial Situation Does this family emergency have financial consequences for you? Do you need to find funds right away for a flight home, for example? Does this emergency have a larger impact on your financial aid? It might seem awkward, but being aware of how your changed situation might affect your financial status is important. You can send a quick email to the financial aid office or even pop in for an emergency appointment. The staff there knows that life happens while youre in school, and you might be pleasantly surprised at the resources they have available for students in your situation. Think About Using the ​Counseling Center By their nature, emergencies cause turmoil, unrest, and all kinds of mixed (and often unwanted) emotions. At many (if not most!) institutions, visits to your campus counseling center are included in your tuition and fees. Even if you arent sure what youre feeling or how to feel about the situation, a visit to the counseling center might be a smart idea. Spend a minute or two calling the center to make an appointment they might have emergency slots open or at least finding out what resources are available if you decide you want them later. Tap Into Your Support Systems Whether its your best friend on campus or a favorite auntie who lives 3,000 miles away if youre facing an emergency family situation, check-in with those who support you the best. A quick phone call, text message, email, or even video chat can do wonders to update them as well as provide you with some love and support. Dont be afraid to reach out at a time you need them the most to those who love you the most. After all, if your friend or loved one were in your situation, you likely would be more than happy to support him or her however possible. Let yourself be supported by those around you as you deal with your situation.

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example Provision of safe care is one of the main aims of quality care. In my course project, a balanced scorecard is focused on reducing clinic wait times. In this regard, a balanced scorecard is used as a basis for quality improvement in all aspects of healthcare. There are many performance tools that can be used to monitor and manage quality improvements. I agree that performance prism is one of the performance measures. The needs of stakeholders are largely focused on quality. Utilizing performance tools links performance measures (Kaplan and Norton, 1992) and a result help identify problems areas that need improvement. I also agree with your discussion that performance prism combines processes, strategies, and capabilities and aligns them appropriately to meet the needs of all stakeholders. As postulated by the Balanced Scorecard (2012), quality improvement tools allows healthcare leaders or managers to view or look at their business in a range of perspectives. In your discussion, stakeholders perspective is clearly illustrated. In regard to stakeholders perspective, I concur that achieving a higher percentage of defect-free charts twenty four hours before surgery is of

Team Sports Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Team Sports Economics - Essay Example Also compared to others it is a small academic field altogether. The pioneer of this economics’ field is said to be S. Rottenberg, who happened to be working at the renowned University of Massachusetts as an economist. He focused on the market of baseball players and did a journal in 1956 entitled, â€Å"Journal of Political Economy.† 1(Kasenne, 2007 p1) This is a study which seeks to put its entire concentration on the aforementioned field of economics and it will go on to discuss the field in detail. The write out will vividly make a comprehensive and an unbiased look at the team sports’ economics. To this it will answer the study question, â€Å"How effective are the competition balance policies in the models of sport evidenced in North America and Europe?† Examples to make this topic more understandable and interesting to read will be given from the current professional leagues in these two nations. The study will start by looking at the North American case and then continue to have a look at the European case. Many are the times that leagues have not portrayed the best interests of the set policies by the bodies responsible. This has left the loyal fans of various clubs disappointed. European football has not been spared by negative scandals that strike leagues off the competitive balance. The study sets out by tackling of the North American scenario portrays a good number of professional leagues with the inclusion of National Basketball Association commonly known referred by the initials NBA, Major League Baseball- MLB, National Football League (NFL) and also the hockey league- National Hockey League (NHL). The leagues in entirety are privately owned with regards to individual teams involved. Thus, the league is a private team ownership kind of league run together with the administrators they use their discretion to choose. Administrators are commonly referred to as Commissioners. Apart from their being the sole determiners of the plays taking place for the branded league, these leagues also take part in ample activities like definition of territories, their protection, making decisions on the location of teams by way of relocation and expansion as well as making negotiations of players, players’ unions, location of teams and TV contracts. Besides these responsibilities the leagues may be with the competitive balance’s future interest. By way of default or from another perspective the owners’ of the teams’ agendas, the policies made by the league enhance level balance in the upholding of competitiveness. Expounding on this view, the Rottenberg’s sentiments are going to be cited. According to him, team fans would rather their teams won in close kind of games than any other outcomes. Fans also have another preference in their list and that is; there should be occasional hopes brought about by the form portrayed in the post-season plays by the teams that they support. Imbal anced games are, therefore, a counter-expectation on the preferences by fans. In other words, competitive balance is what is most preferred by team fans. In a case where in a league there are problematic imbalances the fans of this league that harbors losers will experience a decline in the interests they had for the teams they support. If the same fans continued supporting the league with the same level of thrill as before despite the losing team’

Micro Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro Economics - Essay Example Profit is the difference between the total revenue obtained from sales and the total cost incurred by the firm. In the long-run the decisions taken would be only exit decisions. Exit decisions are decisions taken by a firm to leave the market. They are not called as Shut-down decisions. Shut-down is only in the short-run. Long run equilibrium plays a crucial role in deciding the existence of the firm. In the long run there are enough time periods for the firm to cover its losses and earn normal profits. This is because in the long run, all inputs are variable and the firm can have the most profitable level of output i.e. the profit maximization level of output. (B) In the recent years, the business travel market has seen a tremendous change with respect to the airline industry. Changes in demand for leisure travel include more short term breaks and more independent holidays where passengers book flights, car and accommodation by themselves. The reason for the decline in business class travel is the supply led high business fares which stretched the so called "inelastic business class segment" and also he expansion of low cost airlines. 2. Price Discrimination can be defined as the method of charging different prices for essentially the same good to different buyers. There are three types of Price discrimination. They are, first, second and third degree discrimination. First-degree discrimination - This is the most extreme form of discrimination in which each consumer is charged the maximum price he would be willing to pay for each individual unit consumed. This kind of discrimination can be noticed in the healthcare industry where doctors charge different fees from different patients. Second-degree price discrimination - This is a more practical form of price discrimination. Here firms charge a different price for each set of units sold. Different prices are charged for different blocks or portions of consumption. This kind of price discrimination is followed in the power and telecom industry. The reason behind this is the prices are based on the quantities of output purchased by individual consumers. By doing so, the firms can profit as the quantities used or consumed vary from individual to individual and hence if there is a high consumption by a particular consumer, there is a chance for the firm to earn more profits. Third-degree price discrimination - This is the most common form of price discrimination. Consumers or markets are segmented on the basis of their price elasticity of demand. Often, third-degree price discrimination occurs in the markets that are geographically separated. Foe example, books published by American publishers are sold in other countries at a lower price than in the U.S. Evidently, buyers in the other countries have greater elasticity' of demand that US buyers. At the same time, the high shipping costs makes it unprofitable for firms to buy in foreign countries and resell in the United States. (B) Whenever we travel, is it a train or a flight, it is noticed that adults are charged a different price for the ticket and children are charged a different price. Other similar price discrimination in the same context is that rails some have rail cards entitling them to discounts; others do not. It is cheaper for people who book in advance. This

Elderly Suicide Strategies with Nurse Based Intervention

Elderly Suicide Strategies with Nurse Based Intervention Investigation into nurse strategies to prevent or minimise attempted suicide in patients over 65 This dissertation considers the rationale for positive nurse-based intervention in consideration of issues relating to suicide in the elderly. The introduction sets the context, including the historical context, of the issues and discusses the negative effects of ageism on issues relating to suicide in the elderly. The literature review considers selected texts which have been chosen for their specific relevance to the issue and particularly those that espouse the view that ageism is counterproductive to a satisfactory quality of life outcome for the elderly person. Conclusions are drawn and discussed with specific emphasis on those measures that are of particular relevance to the nursing profession whether it is in a secondary care facility, a residential home setting or in the primary healthcare team and the community. Introduction We can observe, from a recent paper (O’Connell H et al. 2004), the comments that, although there is no doubt that the elderly present higher risk of completed suicide than any other age group, this fact receives comparatively little attention with factors such as media interest, medical research and public health measures being disproportionately focused on the younger age groups (Uncap her H et al.2000). Perhaps we should not be surprised at the fact that both suicidal feelings and thoughts of hopelessness have been considered part of the social context of growing old and becoming progressively less capable. This is not a phenomenon that is just confined to our society. We know that the Ancient Greeks tolerated these feelings in their society and actively condoned the option of assisted suicide if the person involved had come to the conclusion that they had no more useful role to play in society (Carrick P 2000). Society largely took the view that once an individual had reached old age they no longer had a purpose in life and would be better off dead. In a more modern context, we note the writings of Sigmund Freud who observed (while he was suffering from an incurable malignancy of the palate: It may be that the gods are merciful when they make our lives more unpleasant as we grow old. In the end, death seems less intolerable than the many burdens we have to bear. (cited in McClain et al. 2003) We would suggest that one of the explanations of this apparent phenomenon of comparative indifference to the plight of the elderly in this regard is due to the fact that the social burden of suicide is often referred to in purely economic terms, specifically relating tools of social contribution and loss of productivity. (Breeching A et al.2000). This purely economic assessment would have to observe that the young are much more likely to be in employment and less likely to be a burden on the economic status of the country whereas with the elderly exactly the converse is likely to be true. This results in economic prominence being given to the death of a younger person in many reviews. (Adcock P,2003). There is also the fact that, despite the fact that we have already highlighted the increase in relative frequency of suicide in the elderly, because of the demographic distributions of the population in the UK, the absolute numbers of both attempted suicides and actual suicides are greater in the younger age ranges and therefore more readily apparent and obvious. The elderly are a particularly vulnerable group from the risk of suicide. In the industrialised world males over the age of 75 represent the single largest demographic group in terms of suicide attempts. Interestingly (and for reasons that we shall shortly discuss) although there is a general trend of increasing suicide rate with age the excess rates associated with the elderly are slowly declining in the recent past (Castell 2000). We can quantify this statement by considering the statistics. If we consider the period 1983 to 1995 in the UK then we can show that: The suicide rates for men reduced by between 30% and 40% in the age groups 55–64, 65–74 and 75–84 The rates for the most elderly men (males over 85 years) remained fairly static, this group still having the highest rates of any group By way of contrast, the 25- to 34-year-old male group exhibited a 30%increase in suicide rate during the same period, this group are becoming the group with the second highest rate, while the 15- to24-year-old male group demonstrated a 55% increase in suicide rates.(WHO 2001) Female suicide rates have shown a similar overall decrease, reducing by between 45 and 60% in the 45–84 age group. Elderly women, however, retain the highest rates throughout the life span (Castell 2000) The ratio of male to female elderly suicide deaths remains approximately 3:1 (Fischer L R et al. 2003) We can suggest that these trends in reduction of suicide, particularly in the elderly are likely to be due, amongst other things, to: The improved detection of those at risk together with the advent of aggressive treatment policies relating to mental illness in the elderly. (Warn M et al. 2003) One of the main reasons, we would suggest, for this obviously changing pattern and the discrepancies in the suicide rates between the age ranges, is the fact that, in direct consideration of the context of our topic, the elderly are more likely to be both amenable to professional help and also, by virtue that a higher proportion are likely to be in direct contact with healthcare professionals either through failing health or nursing homes and hospitals, (Soutine K teal. 2003), have the warning signs of impending suicide recognised and acted upon more promptly than the younger, arguably more independent age group. In specific consideration of the elderly group we should also note that attempted suicide is more likely to be a failed suicide attempt rather than a Para suicide. (Rubenowitz E et al. 2001). There is considerable evidence that the incidence of depression is increased in the presence of a concurrent physical illness (Conwell Yet al. 2002) and clearly this is going to be more likely in the elderly age group. Some sources have cited association rates of between 60-70%of major depression with physical illness in the over 70yr olds.(Conwell Y et al. 2000). Another significant factor is that it is commonly accepted that an attempted suicide is a strong independent risk factor in the aetiology of further suicide attempts. (Conwell Y et al. 1996) This trend is much more marked in the elderly group with a ratio of about 4:1 which compares very badly with the ratios in the younger age groups of between 8:1 and 200:1 (depending on age range, definition and study).(Hippie J et al. 1997) Aims and objectives In this dissertation it is intended to gain evidence based knowledge of the scope and significance of the phenomenon of attempted suicide in the elderly. In addition it is intended to gain evidence based knowledge in the use of strategies to ameliorate attempted suicide in the elderly to highlight gaps in the literature available and to suggest recommendations for change in nursing practice It is hoped tube able to suggest areas for research into the phenomenon of attempted suicide in the elderly. Methodology The initial strategy was to undertake a library search at the local post graduate library and the local university library (Client: you might like to personalise this) on the key words â€Å"suicide, elderly, prevention strategies, industrialised societies†. This presented a great many papers. About 40 were selected and read to provide an overview of the literature in this area. During this phase, references were noted and followed up and key literary works were assimilated. The bulk of the papers accessed and read were published within the last decade, however a number of significant older references were also accessed if they had a specific bearing on a particular issue. The most significant references were accessed and digested. The dissertation was written referencing a selected sub-set of these works. Rationale for proposal To increase nurses knowledge and understanding of attempted suicide in the older age group and to highlight through the literature review, evidence based strategies that can be employed to ameliorate attempted suicide amongst the elderly. Literature review Before commencing the literature review, it is acknowledged that the literature on this subject is huge. The parameters of the initial search have been defined above. In addition it should be noted that there is a considerable literature on the subject of assisted suicide which has been specifically excluded from these considerations The literature base for suicide in the elderly is quite extensive and provides a good evidence base for understanding, appropriate action and treatment. (Berwick D 2005) One of the landmark papers in this area is by Hippie and Quinton(Hippie J et al. 1997) which provided a benchmark, not only on the aetiology of the subject, but also in the long term outcomes, which, in terms of potential nursing care input, is extremely important. The paper points to the fact that there is a good understanding of the absolute risk factors for suicide in the elderly but a comparative lack of good quality follow up studies in the area. It set out to identify100 cases of attempted suicide in the elderly and then follow them up over a period of years. The study was a retrospective examination of100 consecutive cases of attempted suicide that were referred to the psychiatric services over a four year period. The authors were able to make a detailed investigation (including an interview of many of the survivors), about four years later. Their findings have been widely quoted in the literature. Of particular relevance to our considerations here we note that they found that of the 100 cases identified, 42 were dead at the time of follow up. Of these, 12 were suspected suicides and five more had died as a result of complications of their initial attempt. There were 17further attempts at suicide in the remaining group. Significantly, the twelve women in the group all made non-lethal attempts whereas all five of the men made successful attempts. The authors were able to establish that the risk of further attempts at suicide (having made one attempt)was in excess of 5% per year and the â€Å"success† rate was 1.5% per year in this group. From this study we can also conclude that the risk of successful repeat attempted suicide is very much greater if the subjects male. The authors were also able to establish that, because of their initial attempt, those at risk of self-harm were likely to be in contact with the Psychiatric services and also suffering from persistent severe depression. We can examine the paper by Dennis (M et al. 2005) for a further insight into the risk factors that are identifiable in the at risk groups. This paper is not so detailed as the Hippie paper, but it differs in its construction as it is a control matched study which specifically considered the non-fatal self-harm scenario. The study compared two groups of age matched elderly people both groups had a history of depression but the active study group had, in addition, a history of self-harm. The significant differences highlighted by this study were that those in the self-harm group were characterised by poorly integrated social network and had a significantly more hopeless ideation. This clearly has implications for intervention as, in the context of a care home or warden assisted setting, there is scope for improving the social integration of the isolated elderly, and in the domestic setting community support can provide a number of options to remove factors that mitigate towards social isolation. This would appear to be a positive step towards reducing the risk of further self harm. The O’Connell paper (O’Connell et al. 2004) is effectively a tour divorce on the pertinent issues. It is a review paper that cherry-picks the important information from other, quite disparate, studies and combines them into a coherent whole. It is extremely well written, very detailed, quite long and extremely informative. While it is not appropriate to consider the paper in its entirety, there are a number of factors that are directly relevant to our considerations here and weshall restrict our comments to this aspect of the paper. In terms of the identification of the risk factors associated with attempted suicide in the elderly, it highlights psychiatric illnesses, most notably depression, and certain personality traits, together with physical factors which include neurological illnesses and malignancies. The social risk factors identified in the Dennis paper are expanded to include â€Å"social isolation, being divorced, widowed, or long term single†. The authors point to the fact that many of the papers referred to tend to treat the fact of suicide in reductionist terms, analysing it to its basic fundamentals. They suggest that the actual burden of suicide should also be considered in more human terms with consideration of the consequences for the family and community being understood and assessed. (Mason T et al. 2003) In terms of nursing intervention for suicide prevention, we note that the authors express the hypothesis that sociality exists along a continuum from suicidal ideation, through attempted suicide, to completed suicide. It follows from this that a nurse, picking up the possibility of suicidal ideation, should consider and act on this as significant warning sign of possible impending action on the part of the patient. The authors point to the fact that the estimation of the actual significance of the various prevalence’s of suicide varies depending on the study (and therefore the definition) (Kirby M et al. 1997). In this context we should note that the findings do not support the ageist assumptions expounded earlier, on the grounds that the prevalence of either hopelessness or suicidal ideation in the elderly is reported asap to 17% (Kirby M et al. 1997), and there was a universal association with psychiatric illness, especially depressive illness. If we consider the prevalence of suicidal feelings in those elderly people who have no evidence of mental disorder, then it is as low as4%. It therefore seems clear that hopelessness and sociality are not the natural and understandable consequences of the ageing process as Freud and others would have us believe. This has obvious repercussions as far as nursing (and other healthcare) professionals are concerned, as it appears to be clearly inappropriate to assume that sociality is, in most cases, anything other than one of many manifestations of mental illness. It also follows from this, and this again has distinct nursing implications, that suicidal ideation and intent is only the tip of the iceberg when one considers the weight of psychological, physical and social health problems for the older person. (Warn M et al. 2002) If one considers evidence from studies that involve psychological autopsies, there is further evidence that psychopathology is involved. Depressive disorders were found in 95% in one study. (Duberstein P R teal. 1994) Psychotic disorders and anxiety states were found to be poorly correlated with suicidal completion. Further evidence for this viewpoint comes from the only study to date which is a prospective cohort study in which completed suicide was the outcome measure. (Ross R K et al. 1990). This shows that the most reliable predictor of suicide was the self-rated severity of depressive symptoms. This particular study showed that those clients with the highest ratings were 23 times more likely to die as the result of suicide than those with the lowest ratings. It also noted that other independent risk factors (although not as strong), were drinking more than 3 units of alcohol per day and sleeping more than 9 hours a night. One further relevant point that comes from the O’Connell paper is the fact that expression of suicidal intent should never be taken lightly in the older age group. The authors cite evidence to show that this has a completely different pattern in the elderly when compared tithe younger age groups. (Beauties A L 2002). The figures quoted show that if an elderly person undertakes a suicide attempt they are very much more likely to be successful than a younger one. The ratio of Para suicides to completed suicides in the adolescent age range is 200:1, in the general population it is between 8:1 and33:1 and in the elderly it is about 4:1. (Warn M et al. 2003). It follows that suicidal behaviour in the elderly carries a much higher degree of intent. This finding correlates with other findings of preferential methods of suicide in the elderly that have a much higher degree of lethality such as firearms and the use of hanging. (Jorum A Feet al. 1995). The paper by Cornwell (Y et al. 2001) considers preventative measures that can be put in place and suggests that independent risk factors commonly associated with suicide in the elderly can be expanded to include psychiatric and physical illnesses, functional impairment, personality traits of neuroticism and low openness to experience, and social isolation. And of these, t is affective illness that has the strongest correlation with suicide attempts. We have discussed(elsewhere) the correlation between impending suicide and contact with the primary care providers. Cornwell cites the fact that 70% of elderly suicides have seen a member of the primary healthcare team within 30days of their death and therefore proposes that the primary healthcare setting is an important venue for screening and intervention. It is suggested that mood disorders are commonplace in primary healthcare practice but, because they are comparatively common, are underdiagnosed and often inadequately treated (ageism again). The authors suggest that this fact alone points to the fact that one of the suicide prevention strategies that can be adopted by the primary healthcare team. they suggest that clinicians, whether they are medically qualified or nursing qualified, should be trained to identify this group and mobilise appropriate intervention accordingly. Obviously the community nurses can help in this regard as they are ideally placed to maximise their contact with vulnerable and high risk groups. We have identified the role of a major depressive illness in the aetiology of suicide in the elderly. Bruce (M L et al. 2002) considered the role of both reactive and idiopathic major depression in the population of the elderly in a nursing home setting. This has particular relevance to our considerations as firstly, on an intuitive level, one can possibly empathise with the reactive depressive elements of the elderly person finding themselves without independence in a residential or nursing home and secondly, this is perhaps the prime setting where the nurse is optimally placed to monitor the mood another risk factors of the patient and continual close quarters. The salient facts that we can take from this study are that there was substantial burden of major depressive symptomatology in this study group (13.5%). The majority (84%) were experiencing their first major depressive episode and therefore were at greatest risk of suicide. The depression was associated with comorbidity in the majority of cases including â€Å"medical morbidity, instrumental activities of daily living disability, reported pain, and a past history of depression but not with cognitive function or socio demographic factors.† All of these positive associations which could have been recognised as significant risk factors of suicide in the elderly. Significantly, in this study, only 22% of all of the seriously depressed patients were receiving antidepressant therapy and none were receiving any sort of psychotherapy. In addition to this the authors point to the fact that 31% of the patients who were put on antidepressants were taking a sub therapeutic dose (18% because they were purposely not complying with the dosage instructions). The conclusions that the authors were able to draw from this study were that major depression in the elderly was twice as common in the residential setting as opposed to those elderly patients still in the community. The majority of these depressed patients were effectively left untreated and therefore at significant risk of suicide. There was the obvious conclusion that a great deal more could be done for this study population in terms of relieving their social isolation and depressive illnesses. And, by extrapolation, for their risk of suicide. Ethical considerations. In consideration of the issue of suicide in the elderly we note that there are a number of ethical considerations but these are primarily in the field of assisted suicide which we have specifically excluded from this study. (Pabst Batten, M 1996) Evidence for positive nursing interventions Having established the evidence base in the literature that defines the risk factors that are known to be particularly associated with suicide in the elderly, we take it as read that this will form part of the knowledge base for the nurse to be alert to, and to identify those patients who are at particular risk of suicide. It is equally important to be aware of those factors that appear to confer a degree of protection against suicide. This will clearly also help to inform strategies of intervention for the nurse. Studies such as that by Gunnel (D et al. 1994) point to the fact that religiosity and life satisfaction were independent protective factors against suicidal ideation, and this factor was particularly noted in another study involving the terminally ill elderly where the authors noted that higher degrees of spiritual well-being and life satisfaction scores both independently predicted lower suicidal feelings. (McClain et al. 2003). The presence of a spouse or significant friend is a major protective factor against suicide. Although clearly it may not be an appropriate intervention for nursing care to facilitate the presence of a spouse(!) it may well be appropriate, particularly in residential settings, to facilitate social interactions and the setting up of possible friendships within that setting (Bertolote J M et al. 2003) Conclusions and discussion This Dissertation has considered the rationale behind the evidence base for nursing intervention and strategies to prevent or minimise suicide attempts in the elderly age group. We have outlined the literature which is directed at identification of the greatest â€Å"at risk† groups and this highlights the importance of the detection and treatment ofboth psychiatric disorders (especially major depression), and physical disorders (especially Diabetes Mellitus and gastric ulceration).(Thomas A J et al. 2004) Although we have been at pains to point out the relatively high and disproportionate incidence of suicide in the elderly, we should not lose sight of the fact that it is not a common event. One should not take the comments and evidence presented in this dissertation as being of sufficient severity to merit screening the entire elderly population. (Erlangen A et al. 2003) The thrust of the findings in this dissertation are that the screening should be entirely opportunistic. The evidence base that we have defined should be utilised to identify those who are in high risk groups, for example, those with overt depressive illnesses, significant psychological and social factors, especially those who have a history of previous attempted suicide. The healthcare professional should not necessarily expect the elderly person to volunteer such information and if the person concerned is naturally withdrawn or reserved, minor degrees of depressive symptoms may not be immediately obvious. (Callahan C M teal. 1996). In terms of direct nursing intervention, this must translate into the need to be aware of such eventualities and the need to enquire directly about them. The nurse should also be aware that the presence of suicidal feelings in a patient with any degree of depression is associated with a lower response rate to treatment and also an increase in the need for augmentation strategies. The nurse should also be aware of the fact that these factors may indicate the need for secondary referral. (Gunnel D et al. 1994). If we accept the findings of Conwell (Y et al. 1991), then the estimated population at risk from significant mood disorder and therefore the possibility of attempted suicide in the elderly, is 74%.This can be extrapolated to suggest that if mood disorders were eliminated from the population then 74% of suicides would be prevented in the elderly age group. Clearly this is a theoretical viewpoint and has to be weighed against the facts that firstly â€Å"elimination† of mood disorders (even if it were possible), would only be achieved by treatment of all existing cases as well as prevention of new cases, and the secondary prevention of sub-clinical cases. We know, from other work, that the detection and treatment of depression in all age ranges is low, and even so only 52% of cases that reach medical attention make a significant response to treatment(Bertolote J M et al. 2003). These statistics reflect findings from the whole population and the detection rates and response rates are likelyto lower in the elderly. (Wei F et al. 2003). It follows that although treatment of depressive illness is still the mainstay of treatment intervention as far as suicide prevention is concerned, preventative measures and vigilance at an individual level are also essential. Nursing interventions can include measures aimed at improving physical and emotional health together with improved social integration. Sometimes modification of lifestyle can also promote successful ageing and lead to an overall decrease in the likelihood of suicidal feelings. (Fischer L R et al. 2003) On a population level, public health measures designed to promote social contact, support where necessary, and integration into the community are likely to help reduce the incidence of suicide in the elderly, particularly if we consider the study by Cornwell (Y et al.1991) which estimated the independent risk factor for low levels of social contact in the elderly population as being 27%. Some communities have provided telephone lines and this has been associated with significant reduction in the completed suicide in the elderly (Fischer R et al. 2003) To return to specific nursing interventions, one can also suggest measures aimed at reducing access to, or availability of the means for suicide such as restricting access to over the counter medicines.(Slog I et al. 1996), Some sources (Castell H 2000) point to the possibility of introducing opportunistic screening in the primary healthcare setting. The rationale behind this suggestion is the realisation that there is high level of contact between the suicidal elderly person and their primary healthcare team in the week before suicide (20-50%) and in the month before suicide (40-70% make contact). This is particularly appropriate to our considerations here because of the progressively increasing significance of the role of the nurse within the primary healthcare team particularly at the first point of contact. (Houston, Ret al. 2002) The evidence base for this point of view is strengthened by reference to the landmark Gotland study (Ruts W et al. 1989) which examined the effect of specific training in suicide awareness and prevention in the primary healthcare team by providing extensive suicide awareness training and measures to increase the facilitation of opportunistic screening of the population. Prior to the intervention, the authors noted that, when compared to young adults, the elderly were only 6% as likely to be asked about suicide and 20% as likely to be asked if they felt depressed and 25% as likely to be referred to mental health specialist. This balance was restored almost to normality after the intervention. Suicide in the elderly is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon. It appears to be the case that the elderly tend to be treated with different guidelines from the young suicidal patient insofar as the increased risk is not met with increased assistance. (Kouras L et al.2002). We have presented evidence that the factors included in this discrepancy may include the higher overall number of young suicides, the higher economic burden that society appears to carry for each young suicide together with ageist beliefs about the factors concerning suicide in the elderly. From the point of view of nursing intervention, both in a hospital and in a community setting, there should be greater emphasis placed on measures such as screening and prevention programmes targeted at the at-risk elderly. There is equally a need for aggressive intervention if depression or suicidal feelings are overtly expressed, particularly in the relevant subgroups where additional risk factors may be active, for example those with comorbid medical conditions or social isolation or recent bereavement. (Harwood D et al. 2001), Many of the elderly spend their last years in some form of sheltered accommodation, whether this is a nursing home, a hospital, warden assisted housing or being cared for by the family. (Haut B J et al.1999) In the vast majority of cases this is associated with a loss of independence, increasing frailty and an increasing predisposition to illness that comes with increasing age. (Juurlink D N et al. 2004).This loss of independence and increasing predisposition to illness is also associated with depressive illnesses of varying degrees. (Bruce ML et al. 2002). These patients are arguably, by a large, more likely to come into contact with the nurses in the community. (Munson M L 1999)The comments that we have made elsewhere relating to the nurse’s role in being aware of the implications for the depressed elderly patient are particularly appropriate in this demographic subgroup. As a general rule, it may be easier to keep a watchful eye on patients who are exhibiting early signs of depressive illness or mood disorder in this situation by making arrangements to visit on a regular basis or on â€Å"significant anniversaries† such as the death of a spouse or a wedding anniversary. (Nagatomo I et al. 1998) when the risk factors for suicide increase dramatically (Schonberg H C et al. 1998) The literature in this area is quite extensive and covers many of the aspects of suicide in the elderly. It is noticeable however, that there is a great deal of literature on the subject of risk factors and associations of suicide together with plenty of papers which quote statistics that relate the various trends and incidences. There are, by comparison, only a few papers which emphasise and reflect on the positive aspects of nursing care. The positive steps that can be taken by the nursing profession specifically to help to minimise the burden of suicidal morbidity. There is clearly scope for studies in areas such as the impact that a dedicated community nurse might have on the levels of depression in the community if regular visits were timetabled. It is fair to observe that the community mental health nurses fulfil this role to a degree, but are severely hampered in most cases by sheer weight of numbers in the caseload. (Mason T et al. 2003) Having made these observations, we must conclude that there appears tube an overwhelming case for opportunistic screening of the at risk elderly at any point of contact with a healthcare professional. It is part of the professional remit of any nurse to disseminate their specific professional learning with others. (Yuri H et al. 1998). This can either be done on an informal professional basis in terms of mentorship or, if appropr